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1.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 12(2): 368, ago. 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1517363

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Describir la morbimortalidad de los pacientes con diagnóstico de peritonitis apendicular, sometidos a cirugía laparoscópica en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, durante el periodo enero 2013 - diciembre 2018. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, observacional de corte transversal. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes con peritonitis apendicular que fueron sometidos a cirugía laparoscópica en los servicios de Cirugía I, II, III y IV del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, en el período enero 2013-diciembre 2018. Las variables cuantitativas se expresaron en media ± desviación estándar y variables cualitativas en frecuencia y porcentaje; los datos se procesaron en el programa estadístico SPSS 19 (SPSS, inc., Chicago, EEUU). Resultados: la muestra estuvo conformado por 60 pacientes con edades entre 12 y 78 años, con el 78,33% en el grupo etario de 10 a 29 años; el sexo masculino representó el 58,33% de la muestra, con un promedio de edad de 23,90± 11,84 años; las complicaciones se presentaron en el 18,33% de los casos, más frecuente la infección del sitio operatorio con 6,67% (n=4) de los pacientes. La estancia hospitalaria global fue de 4,80 ± 2,58 días. Un paciente falleció. Conclusiones: el abordaje laparoscópico para el tratamiento de la peritonitis apendicular difusa se relaciona con muy baja morbimortalidad postoperatoria. La complicación más frecuente fue la infección del sitio operatorio. La mayoría de los pacientes solo ameritó una intervención quirúrgica(AU)


Objective: To describe the morbimortality ofpatients with a diagnosis of appendicular peritonitis undegoinglaparoscopic surgery in the General Surgery Department of the University Hospital of Caracas, during the period January2013 - December 2018. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive,observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed.the medical records of patients with appendicular peritonitis who underwent laparoscopic surgery in the Surgery I, II, III and IV services of the University Hospital of Caracas were reviewed. Period January 2013-December 2018. Quantitative variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and qualitative variablesas frequency and percentage. The data were processed in the SPSS 19 statistical program (SPSS, inc., Chicago, USA). Results: the sample consisted of 60 patients aged between 12 and 78 years, with 78.33% in the age group 10 to 29 years. Male sex represented 58.33% of the sample, with an average age of 23.90 ±11.84 years. Complications occurred in 18.33% of the cases, with6.67% (n=4) of the patients reporting surgical site infection. The overall hospital stays of 4.80 ± 2.58 days. One patientdied. Conclusions: the laparoscopic approach is of choice for the treatment of diffuse appendicular peritonitis. The most frequent complication was surgical site infection. Most of the patients only required one surgical intervention(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Peritonitis/surgery , Peritonitis/mortality , General Surgery
2.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 64(1): 52-57, jun. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1444500

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La infección del sitio operatorio (ISO), es una de las principales complicaciones en la cirugía de la peritonitis generalizada por apendicitis aguda (PGAA). La mejor opción entre cierre primario (CP) y diferido (CD) de la laparotomía, aún es materia de controversia. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar asociación entre tipo de cierre y desarrollo de ISO en pacientes con PGAA. Material y método: Ensayo clínico con asignación aleatoria (ECA) Se reclutó a pacientes con PGAA sin exclusión de sexo ni edad, e intervenidos quirúrgicamente en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Obrero Nº 1 (La Paz, Bolivia) entre julio de 2019 y noviembre de 2021; y se les asignó de forma aleatoria a CP y CD; con un seguimiento mínimo de 30 días postoperatorio. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva (cálculo de porcentajes, de medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión); y posteriormente, se aplicaron estadísticas analíticas para estudiar asociación entre variables (test exacto de Fisher para variables categóricas y t de student para variables continuas). Se determinaron RA, RR, OR NNT y sus respectivos IC95%. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes, divididos en 59 con CP y 41 con CD, con promedio de edad, peso, estatura e IMC de 43±13,1 años, 71±8,5 kilogramos, 1,61±0,8 metros y 27,6±3,2 respectivamente. La ISO fue de 29,8% y 4,7% en los grupos de CP y CD respectivamente. La incidencia de ISO para el CD fue de 0,05 (5%) y de 0,30 (30%) para el CP. Para los seromas, el RA para el CD es de 0,27 y para el CP de 0,55. El Número Necesario a Tratar (NNT) fue 3,97 (IC95%: 2,75-5,19). No hubo mortalidad. Conclusión: El CD se asocia a menor incidencia de ISO.


Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the main complications in surgery for generalized peritonitis due to acute appendicitis (GPAA). The best option between primary (PC) and delayed (CD) laparotomy closure is still a matter of controversy. The objective of this study was to determine the association between the type of closure and the development of SSI in patients with GPAA. Material and method: Randomized Clinical trial. Patients with GPAA were recruited without exclusion of sex or age, and underwent surgery in the Surgery Service of Hospital Obrero No. 1 (La Paz, Bolivia) between July 2019 and November 2021; they were randomly assigned to PC and DC; with a minimum follow-up of 30 days postoperatively. Descriptive statistics were applied (calculation of percentages, measures of central tendency, and dispersion); and subsequently, analytical statistics were applied to study the association between variables (Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Student's T test for continuous variables). AR, RR, OR, NNT and their respective 95% CI were determined. Results: 100 patients were included, divided into 59 with PC and 41 with CD, with average age, weight, height, and BMI of 43±13.1 years, 71±8.5 kilograms, 1.61±0.8 meters and 27.6±3.2 respectively. The SSI was 29.8% and 4.7% in the PC and DC groups respectively. The incidence of SSI for DC was 0.05 (5%) and 0.30 (30%) for PC. For seromas, the AR for DC is 0.27 and for PC 0.55. The Number Needed to Treat (NNT) was 3.97 (95% CI: 2.75-5.19). There was no mortality. Conclusion: DC is associated with a lower incidence of SSI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Postoperative Period , Peritonitis
3.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 31(111): 37-42, 20230000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1427136

ABSTRACT

Las peritonitis secundarias constituyen una causa frecuente de internación y de uso de antibioticoterapia dentro de las infecciones intraabdominales. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional de centro único desde enero a diciembre de 2021. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la epidemiología local y adecuar el tratamiento empírico de las peritonitis secundarias de la comunidad. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores a 16 años con peritonitis secundaria, intervención quirúrgica, envío de material a cultivo y desarrollo microbiano de bacterias aerobias a través de la revisión de historias clínicas. Se analizaron cultivos de 36 pacientes, 64% de sexo masculino con una media de edad de 48,8 años. El 22% requirió internación en unidad de cuidados intensivos. La principal causa fue apendicitis aguda en el 61%, seguido por perforación secundaria a tumores. Se aislaron 43 bacterias aerobias (1,2 bacterias por episodio) siendo E. coli el microorganismo más frecuente. En la institución se utiliza piperacilina-tazobactam como tratamiento empírico. De acuerdo a las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Infectología de 2018, en infecciones no complicadas podría utilizarse aminoglucósidos + metronidazol, optando por piperacilina-tazobactam en casos graves. No es recomendado como tratamiento empírico el uso de ampicilina-sulbactam y ciprofloxacina para infecciones graves o con difícil control del foco por la alta tasa de resistencia. En base a nuestro estudio podemos concluir que la epidemiología de los pacientes coincide con lo descrito en publicaciones nacionales, lo que nos lleva a reconsiderar el tratamiento empírico en casos leves, pudiendo optar por aminoglucósidos + metronidazol.


Secondary peritonitis is a frequent cause of hospital admission and an usual cause of use of antibiotic therapy in abdominal infections. We did a retrospective and observational study in one health center between January 2021 and December 2021. The aim of the study was to analyze the local epidemiology and adapt antibiotic empirical therapy of secondary community peritonitis. Patients aged 16 years and older with secondary peritonitis were included in this study. These patients needed surgical intervention and they had a positive culture with aerobic microorganism. We analyzed abdominal cultures from 36 patients, 64% men with a median age of 48.8 years. Twenty- two percent of these patients were admitted to intensive care unit. Acute appendicitis was the principal cause of secondary peritonitis in 61% of cases, followed by tumors. We found 43 aerobic bacterias (1.2 bacteria/episode), E.coli was the most frequent microorganism. In our hospital we use piperacillin- tazobactam for empirical treatment. According to the 2018 recommendations from the Argentine Society of Infectious Diseases, aminoglycosides + metronidazole can be used for uncomplicated intra-abdominal infections, and piperacillin-tazobactam should be used only in severe cases. However, ampicillin-sulbactam or ciprofloxacin is not recommended for severe cases or complicated infections due to the high resistance rates. Based on the finding of the study, it could be said that the epidemiology of the patients coincides with what was described in other national medical journals. Therefore, we should reconsider the use of aminoglycosides + metronidazole as empirical treatment for mild cases.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Peritonitis/therapy , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Intraabdominal Infections/therapy
4.
Cir. Urug ; 7(1): e301, 2023. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1447830

ABSTRACT

El intestino delgado es el sitio de asiento más frecuente del melanoma metastásico. Su diagnóstico es un desafío por cursar asintomático o con síntomas inespecíficos. Son pocos los casos que presentan complicaciones, siendo infrecuente la peritonitis por perforación. El objetivo del trabajo es comunicar el caso clínico de una peritonitis por perforación de una metástasis de melanoma en intestino delgado. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo masculino de 66 años con diagnóstico de melanoma de cuello y secundario óseo, encefálico y pulmonar, fue intervenido de urgencia por peritonitis aguda por perforación de metástasis en intestino delgado. El estudio histológico confirmó secundarismo de melanoma cutáneo. Conclusión: Sabiendo que el yeyuno íleon es el sitio de asiento más frecuente de las metástasis de melanoma, ante la presencia de síntomas digestivos inespecíficos o anemia se debe sospechar su compromiso y evaluar posibles alternativas terapéuticas.


The small intestine is the most frequent site of metastatic melanoma. However, its diagnosis continues to be a challenge since it is usually asymptomatic or with non-specific symptoms. Few cases result in complications, peritonitis due to perforation being infrequent. The objective of the work is to report a clinical case of peritonitis due to perforation of a melanoma metastasis in the small intestine. Clinical case: A 66-year-old male patient diagnosed with melanoma of the neck and secondary bone, brain and lung melanoma, underwent emergency surgery for acute peritonitis due to perforation of metastasis in the small intestine, which was resected and anastomosed. The histology confirmed the secondary nature of the cutaneous melanoma. Conclusion: Knowing that the jejunum-ileum is the most frequent site of melanoma metastases, in the presence of non-specific digestive symptoms or anemia, its involvement should be suspected and possible therapeutic alternatives should be evaluated.


O intestino delgado é o local mais frequente de melanoma metastático. O diagnóstico é um desafio por ser assintomático ou apresentar sintomas inespecíficos. Há poucos casos que apresentam complicações, sendo pouco frequente a peritonite por perfuração. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de peritonite por perfuração de metástase de melanoma no intestino delgado. Caso clínico: Paciente do sexo masculino, 66 anos, diagnosticado com melanoma no pescoço com metástase óssea, cefálica e pulmonar. Foi submetido a cirurgia de emergência por peritonite aguda por perfuração de metástases do intestino delgado. O estudo histológico confirmou melanoma cutâneo. Conclusão: Sabendo que o jejuno e o íleo é o local mais frequente de metástase de melanoma, na presença de sintomas digestivos inespecíficos ou anemia deve-se suspeitar de seu acometimento e avaliar possíveis alternativas terapêuticas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Peritonitis/surgery , Peritonitis/diagnosis , Intestinal Perforation/surgery , Peritonitis/etiology , Skin Neoplasms/complications , Anastomosis, Surgical , Abdominal Pain , Acute Disease , Intestinal Neoplasms/secondary , Melanoma/complications
5.
Mali méd. (En ligne) ; 38(3): 15-17, 2023.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1516285

ABSTRACT

Buts : Le but était de décrire les aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des péritonites biliaires. Patients et méthodes : Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale descriptive à collecte rétrospective sur une période de 10 ans incluant les patients opérés pour péritonite biliaire. Résultats : Nous avons colligé 10 cas de péritonite biliaire d'un 'âge moyen de 38 ans avec un sex-ratio de 2,3. Deux patients présentaient une contusion abdominale par suite d'un accident de la circulation routière. Une douleur abdominale maximale à l'hypochondre droit était présente chez trois patients, des signes d'irritation péritonéale chez tous les patients, un sérodiagnostic de Widal et Félix positif chez huit patients. À la laparotomie médiane la vésicule biliaire était perforée chez trois patients, gangrénée chez cinq, phlegmoneuse chez un, scléro-atrophique chez un. La cholécystectomie a été réalisée chez tous les patients. La péritonite biliaire était d'origine traumatique chez deux patients, et typhique chez huit. En post opératoire on notait quatre cas de sepsis, et trois cas de suppuration pariétale. Trois patients sont décédés. Conclusion : les péritonites biliaires découvertes lors de laparotomies pour péritonite, étaient secondaires à des cholécystites typhiques, et avaient une forte morbi-mortalité.


Aims: The aim was to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of biliary peritonitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective collection over a period of 10 years including patients operated on for biliary peritonitis. Results: We collected 10 cases of biliary peritonitis with an average age of 38 years with a sex ratio of 2.3. Two patients presented with an abdominal contusion following a road traffic accident. Maximum abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium was present in three patients, signs of peritoneal irritation in all patients, positive Widal and Felix serodiagnosis in eight patients. At midline laparotomy, the gallbladder was perforated in three patients, gangrenous in five, phlegmonous in one, sclero-atrophic in one. Cholecystectomy was performed in all patients. Biliary peritonitis was of traumatic origin in two patients, and typhoid in eight. Postoperatively, there were four cases of sepsis and three cases of parietal suppuration. Three patients died. Conclusion: Biliary peritonitis discovered during laparotomies for peritonitis, was secondary to typhoid cholecystitis, and had a high morbidity and mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Peritonitis , Bile , Diagnosis , Abdominal Pain
6.
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae ; (6): 227-234, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981257

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the treatment outcomes,prognosis,and risk factors of treatment failure of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis (PDAP) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae,and thus provide clinical evidence for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods The clinical data of PDAP patients at four peritoneal dialysis centers from January 1,2014 to December 31,2019 were collected retrospectively.The treatment outcomes and prognosis were compared between the patients with PDAP caused by Klebsiella.pneumoniae and that caused by Escherichia coli.Kaplan-Meier method was employed to establish the survival curve of technical failure,and multivariate Logistic regression to analyze the risk factors of the treatment failure of PADP caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Results In the 4 peritoneal dialysis centers,1034 cases of PDAP occurred in 586 patients from 2014 to 2019,including 21 cases caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and 98 cases caused by Escherichia coli.The incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP was 0.0048 times per patient per year on average,ranging from 0.0024 to 0.0124 times per patient per year during 2014-2019.According to the Kaplan-Meier survival curve,the technical failure rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP was higher than that of Escherichia coli caused PDAP (P=0.022).The multivariate Logistic regression model showed that long-term dialysis was an independent risk factor for the treatment failure of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP (OR=1.082,95%CI=1.011-1.158,P=0.023).Klebsiella pneumoniae was highly sensitive to amikacin,meropenem,imipenem,piperacillin,and cefotetan,and it was highly resistant to ampicillin (81.82%),cefazolin (53.33%),tetracycline (50.00%),cefotaxime (43.75%),and chloramphenicol (42.86%). Conclusion The PDAP caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae had worse prognosis than that caused by Escherichia coli,and long-term dialysis was an independent risk factor for the treatment failure of Klebsiella pneumoniae caused PDAP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Retrospective Studies , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , Peritonitis/drug therapy , Risk Factors , Treatment Failure , Escherichia coli
7.
Chinese Journal of Hepatology ; (12): 8-12, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970938

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the etiological diagnostic value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. Methods: The study was a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of patients with PD-related peritonitis who were treated and underwent microbial cultivation and mNGS test at the same time from June 2020 to July 2021 in the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University were analyzed. The positive rate, detection time and consistency between mNGS test and traditional microbial culture were compared. Results: A total of 18 patients with age of (50.4±15.4) years old and median dialysis time of 34.0 (12.4, 62.0) months were enrolled in the study, including 11 males and 7 females. Pathogenic microorganisms were isolated in 17 patients by mNGS test, with a positive rate of 17/18, which was higher than 13/18 of microbial culture, but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.219). Both mNGS test and microbial culture isolated positive pathogenic bacteria in 12 patients, and mNGS test isolated the same types of pathogenic bacteria as microbial cultivation did in 11 patients. In five patients with negative microbial culture, mNGS test also isolated pathogenic microorganisms, including 3 cases of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 1 case of Ureaplasma urealyticum. In 1 patient, microbial culture isolated pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli) whereas mNGS test did not. The detection time of mNGS was 25.0 (24.0, 27.0) h, which was significantly shorter than 89.0 (72.8, 122.0) h of microbial culture (Z=3.726, P<0.001). Conclusions: mNGS test can improve the detection rate of pathogenic microorganisms in PD-related peritonitis and greatly shorten the detection time, and has good consistency with microbial culture. mNGS may provide a new approach for pathogen identification of PD-related peritonitis, especially refractory peritonitis.


Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Retrospective Studies , Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Peritonitis/diagnosis , Sensitivity and Specificity
8.
Cambios rev med ; 21(2): 885, 30 Diciembre 2022. tabs, grafs.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1415670

ABSTRACT

La peritonitis es una inflamación aguda o crónica del peritoneo que generalmente tiene un origen infeccioso. Existen varios tipos, siendo la de tipo secundario la más frecuente. El término peritonitis secundaria se define como la inflamación localizada o generalizada de la membrana peritoneal causada por infección polimicrobiana posterior a la ruptura traumática o espontánea de una víscera o secundaria a la dehiscencia de anastomosis intestinales. Esta entidad se caracteriza por la presencia de pus en la cavidad peritoneal o de líquido; que, en el estudio microscópico directo, contiene leucocitos y bacterias. El tratamiento de esta patología constituye una urgencia y puede ser de tipo clínico y/o quirúrgico. El objetivo del manejo operatorio se basa en identificar y eliminar la causa de la infección, recoger muestras microbiológicas, realizar una limpieza peritoneal y prevenir la recidiva. El tratamiento clínico se ocupa de las consecuencias de la infección mediante la reanimación perioperatoria y el tratamiento antibiótico1. A pesar de los avances en diagnóstico, procedimientos quirúrgicos, terapia antimicrobiana y cuidados intensivos, la mortalidad asociada con la peritonitis secundaria grave es aún muy alta. El pronóstico y el manejo oportuno representan la clave para mejorar la sobrevida y reducir la mortalidad asociada a infecciones intraabdominales extensas2. Es importante establecer lineamientos en cuanto al diagnóstico, manejo antibiótico y pautas de tratamiento quirúrgico para disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad asociada a esta enfermedad. Palabras clave: Peritonitis; Peritoneo; Cavidad Abdominal/cirugía; Cavidad Peritoneal; Líquido Ascítico/patología; Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos.


Peritonitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the peritoneum that generally has an infectious origin. There are several types, with secondary peritonitis being the most frequent. The term secondary peritonitis is defined as localized or generalized inflammation of the peritoneal membrane caused by polymicrobial infection following traumatic or spontaneous rupture of a viscus or secondary to dehiscence of intestinal anastomoses. This entity is characterized by the presence of pus in the peritoneal cavity or fluid which, on direct microscopic examination, contains leukocytes and bacteria. The treatment of this pathology constitutes an emergency and can be clinical and/or surgical. The aim of operative management is based on identifying and eliminating the cause of the infection, collecting microbiological samples, performing peritoneal cleansing and preventing recurrence. Clinical management deals with the consequences of the infection by perioperative resuscitation and antibiotic treatment1 . Despite advances in diagnosis, surgical procedures, antimicrobial therapy and intensive care, mortality associated with severe secondary peritonitis is still very high. Prognosis and timely management represent the key to improving survival and reducing mortality associated with extensive intra-abdominal infections2. It is important to establish guidelines for diagnosis, antibiotic management and surgical treatment guidelines to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Peritoneal Cavity , Peritoneum , Peritonitis , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Ascitic Fluid/pathology , Abdominal Cavity/surgery , General Surgery , Bacterial Infections , Viscera , Clinical Protocols , Medication Therapy Management , Intraabdominal Infections , Abdomen/surgery
10.
Educ. med. super ; 36(3): e2775, jul.-set. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1404560

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La imagen como medio de enseñanza constituye un recurso de aprendizaje muy empleado en la cirugía general. Objetivo: Exponer la utilidad de la imagen digital como medio de enseñanza ilustrativa en la peritonitis aguda. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Dr. Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta julio de 2020. Se utilizaron como métodos teóricos la sistematización y el histórico-lógico; y como empíricos, el vivencial y la observación, con la práctica atencional-docente de la autora. Resultados: La experiencia práctica contextualizada de la autora en el escenario hospitalario diverso de atención clínico quirúrgica a pacientes con peritonitis aguda permitió constatar el uso de la imagen digital estática y dinámica como herramienta de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la enfermedad. El carácter científico y pedagógico de las imágenes tomadas a este tipo de enfermo incrementó la habilidad diagnóstica y terapéutica en los residentes de cirugía. Conclusiones: La imagen digital como medio de enseñanza ilustrativo de la peritonitis aguda constituye un recurso de aprendizaje de incuestionable valor. Su utilidad, pertinencia y factibilidad incrementan la motivación de los residentes de cirugía en pos de lograr una formación académica integral(AU)


Introduction: Images as teaching aids are learning resources widely used in the field of general surgery. Objective: To show the usefulness of digital images as illustrative teaching tools in acute peritonitis. Methods: A developmental research was carried out at Dr. Ambrosio Grillo Portuondo Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital, of Santiago de Cuba, from January to July 2020. The historical-logical and systematization methods were used as theoretical methods, while the experiential and observation methods were used as empirical methods, together with the healthcare provision and teaching practice of the author. Results: The contextualized practical experience of the author in the diverse hospital setting of clinical-surgical care for patients with acute peritonitis allowed confirming the use of static and dynamic digital images as tools for teaching and learning about the disease. The scientific and pedagogical character of the images taken of this type of patients increased the diagnostic and therapeutic skills among surgery residents. Conclusions: Digital images as illustrative aids for teaching acute peritonitis are learning resources of unquestionable value. Their usefulness, relevance and feasibility increase the motivation of surgery residents, in view of achieving comprehensive academic training(AU)


Subject(s)
Peritonitis , General Surgery/education , Teaching/education , Learning , Medical Illustration/education
11.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 61(2)jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408248

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La pileflebitis, trombosis séptica del sistema portal por cuadros inflamatorios agudos abdominales, se presenta con manifestaciones clínicas variables en dependencia de la causa de origen y por rama portal afectado. El diagnóstico incluye función hepática normal o ligeramente alterada con leucocitosis, hemocultivos positivos, eco doppler o tomografía computarizada que corrobore la enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir la pileflebitis como una complicación inusual en una paciente embarazada con apendicitis aguda, desde su concepto, fisiopatología, presentación clínica, diagnóstico y medidas terapéuticas. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina de 18 años, gestante, que refirió dolor abdominal de gran intensidad, acompañado de vómito y deposiciones diarreicas y tinte ictérico. Por tales motivos fue trasladada al Hospital General Docente Ambato. Se diagnosticó sepsis de origen abdominal por apendicitis aguda perforada, peritonitis generalizada complicada con pileflebitis. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica y resolución del cuadro clínico. Conclusiones: La pileflebitis presenta una gran dificultad diagnóstica, por lo que herramientas como la ecografía doppler y la tomografía computarizada son de ayuda en estos casos. Los pilares del tratamiento incluyen control del foco séptico abdominal y tratar la pileflebitis(AU)


Introduction: Pylephlebitis, septic thrombosis of the portal system due to acute abdominal inflammatory conditions, it presents with variable clinical signs depending on the cause of origin and the affected portal branch. Diagnosis includes normal or mildly impaired liver function with leukocytosis, positive blood cultures, Doppler echocardiography, or computed tomography confirming the disease. Objective: To describe pylephlebitis as an unusual complication in a pregnant patient with acute appendicitis, referring to its concept, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapeutic measures. Clinical case report: This is the case of an 18-year-old female pregnant patient, who had severe abdominal pain, accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea and jaundiced stools. For such reasons, she was transferred to the Ambato General Teaching Hospital. Sepsis of abdominal origin was diagnosed due to acute perforated appendicitis, generalized peritonitis complicated with pylephlebitis. Surgical intervention was performed and the clinical condition was solved. Conclusions: Pylephlebitis represents a great diagnostic difficulty, hence tools such as Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography are helpful in these cases. The mainstays of treatment include control of the abdominal septic focus and treating pylephlebitis(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Appendicitis/complications , Peritonitis , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Vomiting , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Ultrasonography, Doppler
12.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 61(2)jun. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408241

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La no existencia de un parámetro preestablecido que permita determinar el momento preciso para suspender los lavados peritoneales programados, conlleva a que muchas veces se realice un número insuficiente de ellos, o tal vez estos se prolonguen de forma innecesaria y aumentan las probabilidades de fallecimiento del paciente. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia de la impronta citológica peritoneal para decidir cuándo detener los lavados peritoneales programados. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de exactitud diagnóstica, en una serie de casos, con recogida prospectiva de datos desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2014, en el Hospital Provincial Clínico-Quirúrgico Docente "Celia Sánchez Manduley. La muestra quedó conformada por 42 pacientes que fueron tratados por peritonitis secundaria persistente. Se clasificaron según cuatro categorías de correlación y se tomó como estándar de referencia a la biopsia por parafina. Resultados: Las muestras con inflamación aguda peritoneal y curación de la inflamación peritoneal se identificaron correctamente en 39/42 casos, por lo tanto, el porcentaje predictivo global de la impronta citológica fue del 92,86 por ciento. La sensibilidad en el diagnóstico de inflamación aguda peritoneal fue del 100 por ciento, la especificidad del 92,68 por ciento, el valor predictivo positivo fue del 24,99 por ciento y el valor predictivo negativo del 100 por ciento. Las razones de verosimilitudes positiva y negativa fueron 13,67 y 0, respectivamente. El coeficiente (κ) fue de 0,376. Conclusiones: La impronta citológica peritoneal constituye un método diagnóstico eficaz para descartar inflamación aguda peritoneal cuando el resultado es negativo y se consideró de gran utilidad para detener los lavados peritoneales programados(AU)


Introduction: The lack of a pre-established parameter that allows determining the precise moment to suspend the scheduled peritoneal lavages, often leads to performing insufficient number of them, or perhaps these are unnecessarily prolonged, increasing the probability of the patient´s death. Objective: To determine the efficacy of peritoneal cytological imprinting in deciding when to stop scheduled peritoneal lavages. Methods: A descriptive study of diagnostic accuracy was carried out, in a series of cases, with prospective data collection in the five-year period from 2010 to 2014 at Celia Sánchez Manduley Provincial Clinical-Surgical Teaching Hospital. The sample was made up of 42 patients who were treated for persistent secondary peritonitis. They were classified according to four correlation categories, taking paraffin biopsy as reference standard. Results: Samples with acute peritoneal inflammation and healing of peritoneal inflammation were correctly identified in 39/42 cases. Therefore, the global predictive percentage of the cytological imprint was 92.86 percent. The sensitivity in the diagnosis of acute peritoneal inflammation was 100 percent, the specificity was 92.68 percent, the positive predictive value was 24.99 percent, and the negative predictive value was 100 percent. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 13.67 and 0, respectively. Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) was 0.376. Conclusions: The peritoneal cytological imprint is an effective diagnostic method to rule out acute peritoneal inflammation when the result is negative and it was considered very useful to stop scheduled peritoneal lavages(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Peritonitis/etiology , Peritoneal Lavage/methods , Predictive Value of Tests , Reference Standards , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Data Collection , Sensitivity and Specificity
13.
Rev. argent. cir ; 114(2): 172-176, jun. 2022. graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1387601

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La nutrición enteral es parte importante del soporte vital avanzado en el paciente crítico, y ha demostrado ser más fisiológica, económica y con resultados superiores a la nutrición parenteral. La yeyunostomía para alimentación enteral está indicada cuando no es posible la alimentación por vía oral y está contraindicada la utilización de una sonda nasogástrica o nasoyeyunal de alimentación. Es una vía de alimentación con escasa morbilidad, aunque no está exenta de complicaciones, y algunas de ellas pueden ser graves. Comunicamos un caso de necrosis intestinal vinculado a la alimentación enteral por yeyunostomía en un paciente sometido a una gastrectomía oncológica.


ABSTRACT Enteral nutrition is an important component of advanced life support in the critically ill patient, and has demonstrated to be more physiologic, cheaper and with better results than parenteral nutrition. Jejunostomy for enteral nutrition is indicated when the oral route is impossible and the use of a nasogastric or nasojejunal feeding tube is contraindicated. Although the rate of complications associated with enteral nutrition through jejunostomy is low, they may occur and be serious. We report a case of bowel necrosis associated with a jejunostomy performed for enteral nutrition in a patient who underwent oncologic gastrectomy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/therapy , Jejunostomy/adverse effects , Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Intestines/pathology , Peritonitis/surgery , Adenocarcinoma , Gastrectomy , Laparotomy , Necrosis/diagnosis
14.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 37(3): 448-454, junio 14, 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1378727

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La peritonitis secundaria es una enfermedad con altos índices de mortalidad, por lo que se considera de gran importancia identificar los factores que inciden en ella. Método. Se realizó un estudio analítico entre 2019 y 2020 en el que se incluyeron pacientes con peritonitis secundaria, se caracterizaron las variables más relacionadas con el pronóstico, como aspectos demográficos y clínicos, y se analizó la asociación entre la mortalidad y estas variables. Resultados. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 30,7 %, encontrando como condiciones relacionadas con la mortalidad la ubicación de la fuente séptica en abdomen superior, la presencia de dolor en abdomen superior, atención en UCI, control del foco en la primera intervención, pacientes que cursaron con falla renal, edad del paciente y valores de hemoglobina. Conclusiones. En la cohorte estudiada se encontraron índices de mortalidad dos veces superiores a los reportados en Suramérica y 1,5 veces a los del resto del país. El mayor poder predictivo de mortalidad en el análisis bivariado fue dado por la presencia de falla renal y el valor de la hemoglobina.


Introduction. Secondary peritonitis is a disease with high mortality rates, so it is considered of great importance to identify the factors that affect it. Methods. An analytical study was carried out between 2019 and 2020 in which patients with secondary peritonitis were included, the variables most related to prognosis were characterized, such as demographic and clinical aspects, and the association between mortality and these variables was analyzed. Results. Hospital mortality was 30.7%, finding conditions related to mortality to be the location of the septic source in the upper abdomen, the presence of pain in the upper abdomen, care in the ICU, control of the focus in the first intervention, patients who underwent kidney failure, patient age, and hemoglobin values. Conclusion. Mortality rates were found in the studied cohort twice higher than those reported in South America and 1.5 times higher than those of the rest of the country. The greatest predictive power of mortality in the bivariate analysis was given by the presence of kidney failure and hemoglobin.


Subject(s)
Humans , Peritonitis , Risk Factors , General Surgery , Morbidity , Mortality
15.
Medicina (Ribeirao Preto, Online) ; 55(1)maio 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1402666

ABSTRACT

Background: Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is a serious and frequent complication among cirrhotic patients with ascites and can be diagnosed by cytological analysis of the ascitic fluid. The microbiological culture of ascitic fluid, however, is positive in less than 40% of SBP cases, which often results in inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. Empirical therapy may be suboptimal, increasing patient's risk of aggravation, or overestimated, unnecessarily boosting bacterial resistance. Objective: This experimental laboratory study aimed to standardize and verify the technical feasibility of ascitic fluid vacuum filtration, as a way to optimize the etiological diagnosis of SBP, compared to the automated method. Method: The method evaluated and standardized in this study was ascitic fluid vacuum filtration. Its principle is the concentration of bacteria on a filter membrane. Results: This study included 36 cirrhotic patients treated at a public university hospital between 11.13.2017 and 06.30.2019. Among them, 47.2% (17/36) presented cytology test results compatible with SBP. For these patients, culture sensitivity using the automated method was 35.3% (6/17), against 11.8% (2/17) with the vacuum filtration method. Conclusion: In conclusion, vacuum filtration does not improve the microbiological diagnosis of SBP in this population compared to the automated method (AU)


Contexto: A Peritonite Bacteriana Espontânea (PBE) é uma complicação grave e frequente entre pacientes cirróticos com ascite, diagnosticada por meio da análise citológica do líquido ascítico. A cultura microbiológica do líquido ascítico, por sua vez, é positiva em menos de 40% dos casos de PBE, o que resulta frequentemente na instituição de terapia antimicrobiana inapropriada. A terapia empírica pode ser subótima, aumentando o risco de agravamento do paciente, ou superestimada, impulsionando desnecessariamente a resistência bacteriana. Objetivo: Estudo experimental laboratorial, propôs padronizar e verificar a viabilidade técnica da filtração a vácuo do líquido ascítico, como forma de otimizar o diagnóstico etiológico na PBE, comparativamente ao sistema automatizado de culturas de sangue. Método: O método avaliado e padronizado neste estudo foi a da filtragem a vácuo do líquido ascítico. Esse tem como princípio a concentração da bactéria em uma membrana filtrante. Resultados: Nesse estudo, foram incluídos 36 pacientes cirróticos atendidos em um hospital público universitário, entre 13.11.2017 e 30.06.2019. Entre eles, 47,2% (17/36) apresentaram citologia compatível com PBE. Nesses, a sensibilidade da cultura pelo método semi-automatizado foi de 35,3% (6/17) e da cultura pelo método da filtragem a vácuo foi de 11,8% (2/17). Conclusão: Em conclusão, a filtragem a vácuo não melhora o diagnóstico microbiológico da PBE em relação ao método automatizado (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Peritonitis , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Liver Cirrhosis , Microbiology
16.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 37(1): 90-94, Jan.-Mar. 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1376910

ABSTRACT

Abstract Balantidium coli is the largest protozoan and the only ciliated parasite that infects humans. It causes balantidiasis, a disease humans acquire by fecal-oral transmission from its usual host: the pig. We report the case of an immunocompetent schoolgirl who presented with peritonitis due to intestinal perforation, with perianal ulceration secondary to polyparasitism caused by Balantidium coli, Enterobius vermicularis, and Trichuris trichiura. It is a rare, potentially preventable complication with extremely high mortality rates. The patient required eight surgical interventions.


Resumen Balantidium coli es el protozoario más grande y el único parásito ciliado que infecta a los seres humanos. Es el causante de la balantidiasis, enfermedad adquirida por los humanos por transmisión fecal-oral desde su hospedero habitual: el cerdo. Reportamos el caso de una escolar inmunocompetente, que presentó peritonitis por perforación intestinal, con ulceración perianal secundaria a poliparasitismo por Balantidium coli, Enterobius vermicularis y Trichuris trichiura. Esta es una complicación poco frecuente, potencialmente prevenible y con tasas de mortalidad extremadamente altas. La paciente requirió 8 intervenciones quirúrgicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Parasites , Balantidium , Ulcer , Trichuris , Enterobius , Coliforms , Intestinal Perforation , Peritonitis , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Mortality , Research Report
17.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1368242

ABSTRACT

ABSTRAC: Background: Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is a serious and frequent complication among cirrhotic patients with ascites and can be diagnosed by cytological analysis of the ascitic fluid. The microbiological culture of ascitic fluid, however, is positive in less than 40% of SBP cases, which often results in inappropriate antimicrobial therapy. Empirical therapy may be suboptimal, increasing patient's risk of aggravation, or overestimated, unnecessarily boosting bacterial resistance. Objective: This experimental laboratory study aimed to standardize and verify the technical feasibility of ascitic fluid vacuum filtration, as a way to optimize the etiological diagnosis of SBP, compared to the automated method. Method: The method evaluated and standardized in this study was ascitic fluid vacuum filtration. Its principle is the concentration of bacteria on a filter membrane. Results: This study included 36 cirrhotic patients treated at a public university hospital between 11.13.2017 and 06.30.2019. Among them, 47.2% (17/36) presented cytology test results compatible with SBP. For these patients, culture sensitivity using the automated method was 35.3% (6/17), against 11.8% (2/17) with the vacuum filtration method. Conclusion: In conclusion, vacuum filtration does not improve the microbiological diagnosis of SBP in this population compared to the automated method. (AU)


RESUMO:Contexto: A Peritonite Bacteriana Espontânea (PBE) é uma complicação grave e frequente entre pacientes cirróticos com ascite, diagnosticada por meio da análise citológica do líquido ascítico. A cultura microbiológica do líquido ascítico, por sua vez, é positiva em menos de 40% dos casos de PBE, o que resulta frequentemente na instituição de terapia antimicrobiana inapropriada. A terapia empírica pode ser subótima, aumentando o risco de agravamento do paciente, ou superestimada, impulsionando desnecessariamente a resistência bacteriana. Objetivo: Estudo experimental laboratorial, propôs padronizar e verificar a viabilidade técnica da filtração a vácuo do líquido ascítico, como forma de otimizar o diagnóstico etiológico na PBE, comparativamente ao sistema automatizado de culturas de sangue. Método: O método avaliado e padronizado neste estudo foi a da filtragem a vácuo do líquido ascítico. Esse tem como princípio a concentração da bactéria em uma membrana filtrante. Resultados: Nesse estudo, foram incluídos 36 pacientes cirróticos atendidos em um hospital público universitário, entre 13.11.2017 e 30.06.2019. Entre eles, 47,2% (17/36) apresentaram citologia compatível com PBE. Nesses, a sensibilidade da cultura pelo método semi-automatizado foi de 35,3% (6/17) e da cultura pelo método da filtragem a vácuo foi de 11,8% (2/17). Conclusão: Em conclusão, a filtragem a vácuo não melhora o diagnóstico microbiológico da PBE em relação ao método automatizado. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Peritonitis , Ascitic Fluid , Clinical Laboratory Techniques , Liver Cirrhosis , Microbiology
18.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 16(2): 38-43, 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1525864

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La peritonitis alcanza una mortalidad global de hasta un 60%. Dada la falta de estudios epidemiológicos nacionales, se plantea calcular la tasa de mortalidad (TM) por peritonitis entre los años 2017-2021 en Chile. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, ecológico, sobre defunciones por peritonitis entre los años 2017-2021 en Chile (N=1.741), en población mayor de 15 años según grupo etario, sexo y región con datos obtenidos del departamento de estadística e información en salud. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, cálculo de TM e índice de Swaroop (IS). No requirió aprobación por comité de ética. Resultados: Se calculó una TM de 2,47/100.000 habitantes entre los años 2017 y 2021, siendo el año 2020 la mayor con 3,07. El sexo femenino presentó una tasa de 2,65. El grupo etario con mayor TM es el de 80 y más con 141,7/100.000 habitantes. Para el IS por región, lideran las regiones XV y XII con 100%, siendo la más baja la XI con 83,3%. Discusión: El pico de TM para el año 2020 coincide con la pandemia por Covid-19, donde se reporta mayor mortalidad postoperatoria en pacientes infectados. El IS se mantiene mayor al 90% en el país, excepto en las Regiones X y XI, probablemente debido a la menor disponibilidad de centros de alta complejidad. Conclusión: Dada la ausencia de datos recientes de mortalidad para peritonitis, se realizó una actualización epidemiológica local, con perspectiva comparativa regional respecto a las TM de la población general y en mayores de 50 años.


Introduction: Peritonitis reaches an overall mortality of up to 60%. Given the lack of national epidemiological studies, it is proposed to calculate the mortality rate (MR) due to peritonitis between the years 2017-2021 in Chile. Methodology: Descriptive, ecological study about deaths by peritonitis between 2017 and 2021 in Chile (N=1,741), in a population older than 15 years old according to age group, sex, and region with data obtained from Departamento de Estadística e Información en Salud. Descriptive statistics were used, MR calculation, and Swaroop Index (SI). It did not require approval by an ethics committee. Results: A MR of 2.47/100,000 was calculated between the years 2017 and 2021, with 2020 being the highest with 3.07. The female sex presented a rate of 2.65. The age group with the highest MR is 80 and over with 141.7/100,000. For the SI by region, the XV and XII regions lead with 100%, the lowest being XI region with 83.3%. Discussion: The peak of MR for the year 2020 coincides with the Covid-19 pandemic and the highest postoperative mortality in infected patients. The SI remains above 90% in the country, except in X and XI regions, probably due to the lower availability of high complexity centers. Conclusion: Given the lack of recent mortality data for peritonitis, a local epidemiological update was carried out, with a regional comparative perspective regarding MR in the general population and in those over 50 years old.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Peritonitis/mortality , Peritonitis/epidemiology , COVID-19/complications , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Ecological Studies
19.
Ibom Medical Journal ; 15(2): 175-177, 2022. tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1380091

ABSTRACT

Background:Certain life-threatening complications and morbidities may occur following consensual sexual intercourse which may not be commonly experienced in clinical practice. One of such complications is hypovolaemic shock resulting from profuse bleeding.AbstractMethods:Two cases of vaginal laceration complicated by hypovolaemic shock following consensual sexual intercourse are presented.Results:Both patients had resuscitation with intravenous fluid, blood transfusion and subsequent examination under anaesthesia with repair of laceration in theater. Post-operative recovery period was uneventful and they were both discharged after proper counselling. Conclusion:Bleeding from coital laceration could be life threatening. Prompt treatment should be instituted in such cases


Subject(s)
Therapeutics , Coitus , Peritonitis , Shock , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Morbidity , Lacerations
20.
Rev. int. sci. méd. (Abidj.) ; 24(1): 63-69, 2022. figures, tables
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1397070

ABSTRACT

Contexte et objectif. Le but de cette étude était d'étudier les aspects épidémiologiques, histologiques et thérapeutiques des cancers primitifs du grêle. Méthodes. Il s'est agi d'uneétude transversale à visée descriptive sur 10 ans et incluant tous les patients traités pour cancers primitifs de l'intestin grêle. La collecte des données a été rétrospective. Le test de Khi 2 a été utilisé pour la comparaison des données avec un seuil de signifi cation de 5%. Résultats. Cinquante-quatre dossiers de patients ont inclus dans l'étude dont 33 patients de sexe féminin (61,1%). L'âge moyen était de 34,3 ans. Trente-deux patients (59,3 %) ont été admis dans un tableau d'urgence chirurgicale, soit 24 occlusions intestinales aiguës et 8 péritonites aiguës généralisées. Les autres patients ont été admis dans un contexte de masse abdominale douloureuse. Le cancer était localisé sur l'iléon dans 27 cas (50%), sur le jéjunum dans 11 cas (20,3%) et sur le duodénum dans 16 (29,7%) cas. L'adénocarcinome était le type histologique le plus fréquent (35,2%), suivi des tumeurs endocrines (33,3%). Un envahissement local ou métastatique était noté chez 46 patients (85,2%) au moment du diagnostic. Une résection - anastomose a été réalisée dans 29 cas (53,7%) et une dérivation interne dans 19 cas (35,3%). La survie à 1 an était de 70%. Conclusion. Les cancers primitifs de l'intestin grêle sont souvent des adénocarcinomes.Ils surviennent chez des patients jeunesavec une prédominance des localisations iléales.


Subject(s)
Peritonitis , Therapeutics , Epidemiology , Intestinal Neoplasms , Intestine, Small
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